Handcoded SignalGP example programs

Repeated Signal Task

Handcoded SignalGP programs, useful for task/intuition validation.

Repeated Signal Task

To validate that memory-based solutions are possible in our SignalGP representation, we handcoded memory-based solutions for each of two-signal, four-signal, eight-signal, and sixteen-signal repeated signal environments.

These solutions are most not the most efficient implementations.

Two-signal Task - memory-based solution

Pseudocode:

If(Global[0]%2 == 0) {
  Response-0
} else {
  Response-1
}
Global[0]+=1

SignalGP instructions:

SetMem(2,2,0)
GlobalToWorking(0,0,0)
Mod(0,2,1)
Inc(0,0,0)
WorkingToGlobal(0,0,0)
If(1,0,0)
  Response-1
Close
Response-0

As C++ (can be used in AltSigWorld::InitPop_Hardcoded):

program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "SetMem", {2, 2, 0}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "GlobalToWorking", {0, 0, 0}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "Mod", {0, 2, 1}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "Inc", {0, 0, 0}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "WorkingToGlobal", {0, 0, 0}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "If", {1, 0, 0}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "Response-1", {0, 0, 0}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "Close", {0, 0, 0}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "Response-0", {0, 0, 0}, {tag_t()});

Four-signal Task - memory-based solution

SignalGP instructions:

// Register[0]: current environment id; Register[1]: environment id constant; Register[2]: Register[0] == Register[1]

// Get global memory value, increment environment tracker, push to global memory
GlobalToWorking(0,0) // (global memory is initialized to 0 if never set)
CopyMem(0, 3)
Inc(3)
WorkingToGlobal(3,0)

// test for response 0
SetMem(1,0)
TestEqu(0,1,2)
If(2)
  Response-0
Close

// test for response 1
SetMem(1,1)
TestEqu(0,1,2)
If(2)
  Response-1
Close

// test for response 2
SetMem(1,2)
TestEqu(0,1,2)
If(2)
  Response-2
Close

// test for response 3
SetMem(1,3)
TestEqu(0,1,2)
If(2)
  Response-3
Close

As C++ (can be used in AltSigWorld::InitPop_Hardcoded):

program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "GlobalToWorking", {0,0,0}, {tag_t()} );
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "CopyMem",         {0,3,0}, {tag_t()} );
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "Inc",             {3,0,0}, {tag_t()} );
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "WorkingToGlobal", {3,0,0}, {tag_t()} );

program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "SetMem",          {1,0,0}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "TestEqu",         {0,1,2}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "If",              {2,0,0}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "Response-0",      {0,0,0}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "Close",           {0,0,0}, {tag_t()});

program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "SetMem",          {1,1,0}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "TestEqu",         {0,1,2}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "If",              {2,0,0}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "Response-1",      {0,0,0}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "Close",           {0,0,0}, {tag_t()});

program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "SetMem",            {1,2,0}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "TestEqu",           {0,1,2}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "If",                {2,0,0}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "Response-2",        {0,0,0}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "Close",             {0,0,0}, {tag_t()});

program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "SetMem",            {1,3,0}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "TestEqu",           {0,1,2}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "If",                {2,0,0}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "Response-3",        {0,0,0}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "Close",             {0,0,0}, {tag_t()});

Eight-signal Task - memory-based solution

SignalGP instructions:

GlobalToWorking(0,0,0)
CopyMem(0,3,0)
Inc(3,0,0)
WorkingToGlobal(3,0,0)

SetMem(1,0,0)
TestEqu(0,1,2)
If(2,0,0)
  Response-0(0,0,0)
Close(0,0,0)

SetMem(1,1,0)
TestEqu(0,1,2)
If(2,0,0)
  Response-1(0,0,0)
Close(0,0,0)

SetMem(1,2,0)
TestEqu(0,1,2)
If(2,0,0)
  Response-2(0,0,0)
Close(0,0,0)

SetMem(1,3,0)
TestEqu(0,1,2)
If(2,0,0)
  Response-3(0,0,0)
Close(0,0,0)

SetMem(1,4,0)
TestEqu(0,1,2)
If(2,0,0)
  Response-4(0,0,0)
Close(0,0,0)

SetMem(1,5,0)
TestEqu(0,1,2)
If(2,0,0)
  Response-5(0,0,0)
Close(0,0,0)

SetMem(1,6,0)
TestEqu(0,1,2)
If(2,0,0)
  Response-6(0,0,0)
Close(0,0,0)

SetMem(1,7,0)
TestEqu(0,1,2)
If(2,0,0)
  Response-7(0,0,0)
Close(0,0,0)

As C++ (can be used in AltSigWorld::InitPop_Hardcoded):

program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "GlobalToWorking", {0,0,0}, {tag_t()} );
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "CopyMem",         {0,3,0}, {tag_t()} );
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "Inc",             {3,0,0}, {tag_t()} );
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "WorkingToGlobal", {3,0,0}, {tag_t()} );

program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "SetMem",          {1,0,0}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "TestEqu",         {0,1,2}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "If",              {2,0,0}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "Response-0",      {0,0,0}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "Close",           {0,0,0}, {tag_t()});

program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "SetMem",          {1,1,0}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "TestEqu",         {0,1,2}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "If",              {2,0,0}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "Response-1",      {0,0,0}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "Close",           {0,0,0}, {tag_t()});

program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "SetMem",            {1,2,0}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "TestEqu",           {0,1,2}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "If",                {2,0,0}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "Response-2",        {0,0,0}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "Close",             {0,0,0}, {tag_t()});

program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "SetMem",            {1,3,0}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "TestEqu",           {0,1,2}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "If",                {2,0,0}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "Response-3",        {0,0,0}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "Close",             {0,0,0}, {tag_t()});

program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "SetMem",            {1,4,0}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "TestEqu",           {0,1,2}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "If",                {2,0,0}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "Response-4",        {0,0,0}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "Close",             {0,0,0}, {tag_t()});

program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "SetMem",            {1,5,0}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "TestEqu",           {0,1,2}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "If",                {2,0,0}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "Response-5",        {0,0,0}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "Close",             {0,0,0}, {tag_t()});

program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "SetMem",            {1,6,0}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "TestEqu",           {0,1,2}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "If",                {2,0,0}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "Response-6",        {0,0,0}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "Close",             {0,0,0}, {tag_t()});

program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "SetMem",            {1,7,0}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "TestEqu",           {0,1,2}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "If",                {2,0,0}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "Response-7",        {0,0,0}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "Close",             {0,0,0}, {tag_t()});

Sixteen-signal Task - memory-based solution

Note that we limited functions to a maximum of 64 instructions for our final set of runs. The solution below is greater than 64 instructions. It, however, can easily be split into two functions, requiring the first to call the second. I’m not writing it split between two functions because the environment signal tag is generated randomly during setup, so I would not be able to guarantee that the correction function would be triggered by the environment.

SignalGP instructions:

GlobalToWorking(0,0,0)
CopyMem(0,3,0)
Inc(3,0,0)
WorkingToGlobal(3,0,0)

SetMem(1,0,0)
TestEqu(0,1,2)
If(2,0,0)
  Response-0(0,0,0)
Close(0,0,0)

SetMem(1,1,0)
TestEqu(0,1,2)
If(2,0,0)
  Response-1(0,0,0)
Close(0,0,0)

SetMem(1,2,0)
TestEqu(0,1,2)
If(2,0,0)
  Response-2(0,0,0)
Close(0,0,0)

SetMem(1,3,0)
TestEqu(0,1,2)
If(2,0,0)
  Response-3(0,0,0)
Close(0,0,0)

SetMem(1,4,0)
TestEqu(0,1,2)
If(2,0,0)
  Response-4(0,0,0)
Close(0,0,0)

SetMem(1,5,0)
TestEqu(0,1,2)
If(2,0,0)
  Response-5(0,0,0)
Close(0,0,0)

SetMem(1,6,0)
TestEqu(0,1,2)
If(2,0,0)
  Response-6(0,0,0)
Close(0,0,0)

SetMem(1,7,0)
TestEqu(0,1,2)
If(2,0,0)
  Response-7(0,0,0)
Close(0,0,0)

Inc(1,0,0)
TestEqu(0,1,2)
If(2,0,0)
  Response-8(0,0,0)
Close(0,0,0)

Inc(1,0,0)
TestEqu(0,1,2)
If(2,0,0)
  Response-9(0,0,0)
Close(0,0,0)

Inc(1,0,0)
TestEqu(0,1,2)
If(2,0,0)
  Response-10(0,0,0)
Close(0,0,0)

Inc(1,0,0)
TestEqu(0,1,2)
If(2,0,0)
  Response-11(0,0,0)
Close(0,0,0)

Inc(1,0,0)
TestEqu(0,1,2)
If(2,0,0)
  Response-12(0,0,0)
Close(0,0,0)

Inc(1,0,0)
TestEqu(0,1,2)
If(2,0,0)
  Response-13(0,0,0)
Close(0,0,0)

Inc(1,0,0)
TestEqu(0,1,2)
If(2,0,0)
  Response-14(0,0,0)
Close(0,0,0)

Inc(1,0,0)
TestEqu(0,1,2)
If(2,0,0)
  Response-15(0,0,0)
Close(0,0,0)

As C++ (can be used in AltSigWorld::InitPop_Hardcoded):

program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "GlobalToWorking", {0,0,0}, {tag_t()} );
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "CopyMem",         {0,3,0}, {tag_t()} );
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "Inc",             {3,0,0}, {tag_t()} );
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "WorkingToGlobal", {3,0,0}, {tag_t()} );

program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "SetMem",          {1,0,0}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "TestEqu",         {0,1,2}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "If",              {2,0,0}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "Response-0",      {0,0,0}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "Close",           {0,0,0}, {tag_t()});

program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "SetMem",          {1,1,0}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "TestEqu",         {0,1,2}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "If",              {2,0,0}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "Response-1",      {0,0,0}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "Close",           {0,0,0}, {tag_t()});

program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "SetMem",            {1,2,0}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "TestEqu",           {0,1,2}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "If",                {2,0,0}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "Response-2",        {0,0,0}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "Close",             {0,0,0}, {tag_t()});

program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "SetMem",            {1,3,0}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "TestEqu",           {0,1,2}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "If",                {2,0,0}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "Response-3",        {0,0,0}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "Close",             {0,0,0}, {tag_t()});

program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "SetMem",            {1,4,0}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "TestEqu",           {0,1,2}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "If",                {2,0,0}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "Response-4",        {0,0,0}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "Close",             {0,0,0}, {tag_t()});

program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "SetMem",            {1,5,0}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "TestEqu",           {0,1,2}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "If",                {2,0,0}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "Response-5",        {0,0,0}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "Close",             {0,0,0}, {tag_t()});

program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "SetMem",            {1,6,0}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "TestEqu",           {0,1,2}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "If",                {2,0,0}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "Response-6",        {0,0,0}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "Close",             {0,0,0}, {tag_t()});

program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "SetMem",            {1,7,0}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "TestEqu",           {0,1,2}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "If",                {2,0,0}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "Response-7",        {0,0,0}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "Close",             {0,0,0}, {tag_t()});

program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "SetMem",          {1,8,0}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "TestEqu",         {0,1,2}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "If",              {2,0,0}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "Response-8",      {0,0,0}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "Close",           {0,0,0}, {tag_t()});

program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "SetMem",          {1,8,0}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "Inc",             {1,0,0}, {tag_t()}); // Make a 9 to compare to
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "TestEqu",         {0,1,2}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "If",              {2,0,0}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "Response-9",      {0,0,0}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "Close",           {0,0,0}, {tag_t()});

program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "Inc",              {1,0,0}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "TestEqu",          {0,1,2}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "If",               {2,0,0}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "Response-10",      {0,0,0}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "Close",            {0,0,0}, {tag_t()});

program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "Inc",               {1,0,0}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "TestEqu",           {0,1,2}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "If",                {2,0,0}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "Response-11",       {0,0,0}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "Close",             {0,0,0}, {tag_t()});

program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "Inc",               {1,0,0}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "TestEqu",           {0,1,2}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "If",                {2,0,0}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "Response-12",       {0,0,0}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "Close",             {0,0,0}, {tag_t()});

program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "Inc",               {1,0,0}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "TestEqu",           {0,1,2}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "If",                {2,0,0}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "Response-13",       {0,0,0}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "Close",             {0,0,0}, {tag_t()});

program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "Inc",               {1,0,0}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "TestEqu",           {0,1,2}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "If",                {2,0,0}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "Response-14",       {0,0,0}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "Close",             {0,0,0}, {tag_t()});

program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "Inc",               {1,0,0}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "TestEqu",           {0,1,2}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "If",                {2,0,0}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "Response-15",       {0,0,0}, {tag_t()});
program.PushInst(*inst_lib, "Close",             {0,0,0}, {tag_t()});

Genetic Regulation Facilitates the Evolution of Signal-response Plasticity in Digital Organisms

2020 Conference on Artificial Life Submission

Handcoded SignalGP example programs

Repeated Signal Task

Two-signal Task - memory-based solution

Four-signal Task - memory-based solution

Eight-signal Task - memory-based solution

Sixteen-signal Task - memory-based solution